泵送混(hun)凝土(tu)配(pei)比(bi)设计资(zi)料组(zu)成
(1)概述:
泵(beng)(beng)送混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)已逐渐成为混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)三民个(ge)常用(yong)的品(pin)种。它(ta)(ta)具有施(shi)工(gong)(gong)速度快(kuai),质量好,节省人工(gong)(gong),施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方便等特点。因此(ci)广泛应用(yong)于(yu)一(yi)般房建结(jie)构混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、道路(lu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、大体(ti)积混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高层建筑等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。它(ta)(ta)既可(ke)(ke)以作水平及垂直运输(指用(yong)地泵(beng)(beng)) ,又可(ke)(ke)直接(jie)用(yong)布(bu)料杆浇注(指用(yong)汽车泵(beng)(beng)) 。它(ta)(ta)要(yao)求混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)不但满足(zu)设计强(qiang)度、耐久性(xing)等,还要(yao)满足(zu)管道输送对混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)拌(ban)合(he)物的要(yao)求,即要(yao)求混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)拌(ban)合(he)物有较好的可(ke)(ke)泵(beng)(beng)性(xing)。在实际施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中往往出(chu)现许多(duo)可(ke)(ke)泵(beng)(beng)性(xing)差而耽误工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)进度甚至(zhi)影响混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)质量等现象(xiang)。因此(ci)本文从以下几(ji)个(ge)方面分析(xi)了影响泵(beng)(beng)送混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)可(ke)(ke)泵(beng)(beng)性(xing)的因素,并(bing)提出(chu)应对措施(shi)。
所谓(wei)泵送性能,是指混(hun)凝土拌(ban)合(he)物具有能顺利通过(guo)输(shu)送管(guan)道、不阻塞、不离析、塑性良好的(de)(de)性能。泵送剂(ji)(ji)是流化剂(ji)(ji)中的(de)(de)一种,它除(chu)(chu)了(le)能大大提高拌(ban)合(he)物流动性以外(wai)(wai),还能使混(hun)凝土在(zai)60~180min内(nei)保持其(qi)流动性,剩余(yu)坍落度应(ying)不小于(yu)原(yuan)始的(de)(de)55%。此外(wai)(wai),它不是缓(huan)凝剂(ji)(ji),缓(huan)凝时间不宜超过(guo)120min(特殊(shu)情况除(chu)(chu)外(wai)(wai))。
混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)质量(liang)控(kong)制目前已达到相(xiang)当(dang)高的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)平,这有(you)助于(yu)成功地采用混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)泵(beng)(beng)送工艺。现在用泵(beng)(beng)送浇筑(zhu)的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)数量(liang)日(ri)(ri)益(yi)增多,日(ri)(ri)本(ben)每年浇筑(zhu)的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)约60%是用泵(beng)(beng)送的(de)(de)。泵(beng)(beng)送是一种有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)运输手段,可(ke)以改善工作条件(jian),节省劳(lao)动(dong)力,提高施工效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。泵(beng)(beng)送混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)要求有(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)流动(dong)性(xing)及在压力条件(jian)下较(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)稳定(ding)性(xing),即混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)坍落度大、泌水(shui)(shui)性(xing)小、黏聚性(xing)好(hao)。能改善混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)泵(beng)(beng)送性(xing)能的(de)(de)外(wai)加(jia)剂(ji)(ji)有(you):减(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui)(shui)剂(ji)(ji)、缓凝(ning)(ning)减(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui)(shui)剂(ji)(ji)、高效(xiao)(xiao)减(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui)(shui)剂(ji)(ji)、缓凝(ning)(ning)高效(xiao)(xiao)减(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui)(shui)剂(ji)(ji)、引气减(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui)(shui)剂(ji)(ji)等。尽管这些化学外(wai)加(jia)剂(ji)(ji)可(ke)以改善混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)泵(beng)(beng)送性(xing),但严(yan)格的(de)(de)讲,它们不属(shu)于(yu)泵(beng)(beng)送剂(ji)(ji)类,因其广(guang)泛用于(yu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),可(ke)视为(wei)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)正常组分。随着泵(beng)(beng)送工艺的(de)(de)发展,专用于(yu)泵(beng)(beng)送混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)外(wai)加(jia)剂(ji)(ji)——泵(beng)(beng)送剂(ji)(ji)得到了(le)发展。
泵送混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)即是在泵施加的(de)压(ya)(ya)力(li)下,混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)通过(guo)软(ruan)管(guan)或其他(ta)输送管(guan)进行的(de)输送。在现代建筑工(gong)程中,泵送混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)技(ji)(ji)术得到了(le)迅速发展,这包(bao)括出现许(xu)多具(ju)有高性能(neng)的(de)泵,可(ke)以(yi)进行车载或固定安装的(de)输送设(she)备(bei),能(neng)够经受高压(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)软(ruan)管(guan)或其他(ta)输送管(guan)道。由于(yu)这些技(ji)(ji)术的(de)进步,泵送混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)已成为建筑施工(gong)中广泛应用的(de)技(ji)(ji)术。
泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)混(hun)(hun)凝土适用于大部分建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)。当施(shi)工(gong)现(xian)场受到限制(zhi)时,泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)混(hun)(hun)凝土的应用更(geng)为(wei)有(you)(you)(you)利。采(cai)用泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)混(hun)(hun)凝土可(ke)以免除(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些起吊装置(zhi),也不会(hui)影响(xiang)其他材料(liao)的搬运(yun)。但泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)混(hun)(hun)凝土的要(yao)(yao)求有(you)(you)(you)连续、稳(wen)定的料(liao)流,并且像普通混(hun)(hun)凝土一(yi)(yi)(yi)样也需(xu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)很好的质量控制(zhi),即适宜(yi)、均(jun)匀的集料(liao)粒级,准确的配(pei)比(bi)(bi)和充分的搅(jiao)拌(ban)。混(hun)(hun)凝土的泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)量每小时可(ke)达15~250m3。但是一(yi)(yi)(yi)般不容易有(you)(you)(you)较(jiao)大的泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)压(ya)力,又(you)获得(de)较(jiao)大的泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)量,因这(zhei)些需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的功(gong)率(lv)(lv)过高(gao)。例如,泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)高(gao)度(du)增加1m,起水平(ping)输送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)距离也有(you)(you)(you)减少3~4m,这(zhei)是由于垂(chui)直(zhi)泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)比(bi)(bi)水平(ping)泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)更(geng)大的压(ya)力和功(gong)率(lv)(lv)。泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)混(hun)(hun)凝土是在(zai)管(guan)(guan)道中移动(dong),研究表明混(hun)(hun)凝土是在(zai)管(guan)(guan)道内(nei)壁(bi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)层薄砂(sha)浆(jiang)上进行运(yun)动(dong)。因此在(zai)泵(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)前(qian),要(yao)(yao)使管(guan)(guan)道内(nei)壁(bi)黏结一(yi)(yi)(yi)层浆(jiang)体材料(liao),这(zhei)种浆(jiang)体材料(liao)有(you)(you)(you)时也可(ke)以用于建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)当管(guan)(guan)道中建(jian)立起混(hun)(hun)凝土的运(yun)动(dong),只要(yao)(yao)混(hun)(hun)合料(liao)有(you)(you)(you)适宜(yi)的配(pei)比(bi)(bi)和均(jun)匀性(xing),管(guan)(guan)道壁(bi)上的润滑作用就会(hui)得(de)到维持。
(2)所用原(yuan)材料(liao)及选用要求:
A、水泥:
a. 泵(beng)送(song)混凝土应选用硅(gui)(gui)酸(suan)(suan)盐(yan)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)、普通硅(gui)(gui)酸(suan)(suan)盐(yan)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)、矿渣(zha)硅(gui)(gui)酸(suan)(suan)盐(yan)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)和(he)粉煤灰(hui)硅(gui)(gui)酸(suan)(suan)盐(yan)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni),不宜(yi)采(cai)用火山灰(hui)质(zhi)硅(gui)(gui)酸(suan)(suan)盐(yan)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)。
b. 水泥进场时,应有出(chu)厂(chang)合格证或试(shi)验(yan)报告,并要核(he)对其品(pin)种、标号出(chu)厂(chang)日(ri)期(qi)。使用前若(ruo)发现受潮或过期(qi),应重新取样试(shi)验(yan)。
c. 水泥质(zhi)量证(zheng)明书中(zhong)各项品质(zhi)指(zhi)标应符合(he)标准中(zhong)的规定(ding)。品质(zhi)指(zhi)标包括(kuo)氧(yang)化镁含量、三氧(yang)化硫含量、烧失量、细度、凝结时间、安定(ding)性(xing)、抗压和抗折强度。
d. 混(hun)凝土(tu)的大水泥用量(liang)不宜大于(yu)550kg/m3。
B、砂:
a. 砂拟(ni)优先选用优质河(he)砂。
b. 混凝土工程应优(you)先选用粗中(zhong)砂(sha)。对于泵送砼,砂(sha)子宜用中(zhong)砂(sha),砂(sha)率宜控(kong)制在(zai)35~45%。
c. 砂的含泥(ni)量(liang)(按重计),当(dang)混凝(ning)土(tu)强(qiang)度等级高于(yu)(yu)或等于(yu)(yu)C30时,不大(da)于(yu)(yu)3%;低于(yu)(yu)C30时,不大(da)于(yu)(yu)5%,对有抗渗(shen)、抗冻或其它(ta)特殊要求的混凝(ning)土(tu)用砂,其含泥(ni)量(liang)不应大(da)于(yu)(yu)3%,对C10或C10以下(xia)的混凝(ning)土(tu)用砂,其含泥(ni)量(liang)可酌情放(fang)宽。
C、石(shi)(shi)子(碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)或(huo)卵石(shi)(shi))
a. 石子宜选用(yong)花岗(gang)岩为(wei)好(hao)。
b. 石子(zi)大粒(li)径(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)得大于(yu)结构截面(mian)尺寸的(de)1/4,同时不(bu)(bu)得大于(yu)钢筋(jin)间小净距的(de)3/4。混凝土实(shi)板骨料的(de)大粒(li)径(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)超过(guo)板厚的(de)1/2。且不(bu)(bu)得超过(guo)60mm。对(dui)于(yu)泵送砼,碎石大粒(li)径(jing)(jing)与(yu)输(shu)送管内径(jing)(jing)之比,宜(yi)小于(yu)或(huo)等(deng)于(yu)1:3,卵石宜(yi)小于(yu)或(huo)等(deng)于(yu)1:2.5。
c. 石(shi)子(zi)中的(de)(de)含泥(ni)量(liang)(按重计(ji))对等于或高于C30混凝(ning)土(tu)时,不(bu)大于1%;低于C30时,不(bu)大于2%;对有(you)抗冻、抗渗或其(qi)它特(te)殊要求的(de)(de)混凝(ning),石(shi)子(zi)的(de)(de)含泥(ni)量(liang)不(bu)大于1%;对C10或C10以下(xia)的(de)(de)混凝(ning)土(tu),石(shi)子(zi)的(de)(de)含泥(ni)量(liang)可酌情放宽(kuan)。
d. 石子中针(zhen)、片状颗粒的含量(按(an)重(zhong)量计(ji)),当混凝土强度等级高于(yu)(yu)(yu)或低于(yu)(yu)(yu)C30时(shi),不(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)15%;低于(yu)(yu)(yu)C30时(shi),不(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)25%;对C10或C10以下,可放宽到(dao)40%。
(3)泵(beng)送(song)混(hun)凝土配合比设计
设(she)计柱、梁(liang)、板(ban)泵送混凝土的结(jie)构强(qiang)度等(deng)级(ji)为C35级(ji)。设(she)计图梁(liang)柱的小截面为240mm,钢(gang)筋(jin)小间距为39mm,楼板(ban)厚度为90mm。根据施工要(yao)求坍落度要(yao)求10~14cm。
采用的(de)原材料如下:
水(shui)泥(ni):强度等级42.5的(de)普通(tong)硅酸盐水(shui)泥(ni),水(shui)泥(ni)28d抗压强度实测(ce)为45.5Mpa,水(shui)泥(ni)密度为3.1×103kg/m3
砂(sha)(sha):河砂(sha)(sha)、中(zhong)砂(sha)(sha),表观密度为2.65×103kg/m3,砂(sha)(sha)的含水量(liang)为3%
石(shi)(shi)子(zi):碎石(shi)(shi),大粒径为(wei)(wei)31.5mm,表观密(mi)度为(wei)(wei)2.67×103kg/m3,此石(shi)(shi)子(zi)含水量为(wei)(wei)1%
外(wai)加(jia)(jia)剂:掺加(jia)(jia)量为1%的高(gao)效(xiao)减水(shui)剂(mu),减水(shui)率(lv)为20%
水(shui):当(dang)地的自来水(shui)
免费咨询热线:400-0731-606