泵送混凝土配比设计资料组成
(1)概(gai)述:
泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)送(song)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土已逐渐(jian)成为(wei)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土施(shi)工(gong)(gong)三(san)民个(ge)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的品种。它(ta)具有施(shi)工(gong)(gong)速(su)度快,质量好,节省人(ren)工(gong)(gong),施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方便等特点。因(yin)此(ci)广泛应(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于一般房建(jian)结构混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土、道路(lu)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土、大(da)体积混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土、高(gao)层(ceng)建(jian)筑等工(gong)(gong)程。它(ta)既可(ke)以(yi)作水平及垂直运输(指(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)) ,又(you)可(ke)直接用(yong)(yong)(yong)布料杆(gan)浇注(指(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)汽车泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)) 。它(ta)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土不但(dan)满足设计强度、耐久性(xing)等,还要(yao)(yao)满足管道输送(song)对混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土拌(ban)(ban)合(he)物(wu)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),即要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土拌(ban)(ban)合(he)物(wu)有较好的可(ke)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)性(xing)。在实(shi)际施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中往(wang)往(wang)出(chu)现(xian)许多可(ke)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)性(xing)差而耽误工(gong)(gong)程进度甚(shen)至影响(xiang)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土质量等现(xian)象。因(yin)此(ci)本文从以(yi)下几个(ge)方面(mian)分析了影响(xiang)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)送(song)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土可(ke)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)性(xing)的因(yin)素,并提出(chu)应(ying)(ying)对措施(shi)。
所谓泵(beng)送(song)性(xing)能,是指(zhi)混凝(ning)(ning)土拌(ban)合物(wu)具有能顺利(li)通过输(shu)送(song)管道、不(bu)阻塞、不(bu)离析、塑性(xing)良好的(de)性(xing)能。泵(beng)送(song)剂是流化剂中的(de)一种(zhong),它除了能大(da)大(da)提高拌(ban)合物(wu)流动性(xing)以外(wai)(wai),还能使(shi)混凝(ning)(ning)土在(zai)60~180min内保(bao)持其流动性(xing),剩余坍落度应不(bu)小于原始(shi)的(de)55%。此外(wai)(wai),它不(bu)是缓凝(ning)(ning)剂,缓凝(ning)(ning)时间不(bu)宜超过120min(特殊情况除外(wai)(wai))。
混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)质量控制目(mu)前已达到相当高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平,这有助于(yu)成功(gong)地采用混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)泵(beng)送(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)艺。现(xian)在用泵(beng)送(song)(song)(song)浇(jiao)筑的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)数量日益增(zeng)多,日本每年浇(jiao)筑的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)约60%是用泵(beng)送(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)。泵(beng)送(song)(song)(song)是一种有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)运输手段,可以改(gai)善(shan)(shan)工(gong)(gong)作条件,节省劳动力,提高(gao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)率。泵(beng)送(song)(song)(song)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)要(yao)求(qiu)有良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)流动性及在压(ya)力条件下较好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)稳定性,即混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)坍落度(du)大、泌水(shui)性小、黏聚(ju)性好(hao)(hao)。能改(gai)善(shan)(shan)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)泵(beng)送(song)(song)(song)性能的(de)(de)(de)外加(jia)(jia)剂(ji)有:减(jian)(jian)水(shui)剂(ji)、缓(huan)凝(ning)(ning)减(jian)(jian)水(shui)剂(ji)、高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)减(jian)(jian)水(shui)剂(ji)、缓(huan)凝(ning)(ning)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)减(jian)(jian)水(shui)剂(ji)、引气减(jian)(jian)水(shui)剂(ji)等。尽管这些化学外加(jia)(jia)剂(ji)可以改(gai)善(shan)(shan)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)泵(beng)送(song)(song)(song)性,但严(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)讲,它们(men)不属于(yu)泵(beng)送(song)(song)(song)剂(ji)类,因其广泛用于(yu)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu),可视(shi)为混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)组分。随(sui)着泵(beng)送(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)艺的(de)(de)(de)发展,专用于(yu)泵(beng)送(song)(song)(song)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)外加(jia)(jia)剂(ji)——泵(beng)送(song)(song)(song)剂(ji)得(de)到了发展。
泵(beng)(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)即是在泵(beng)(beng)(beng)施加的压(ya)(ya)力下(xia),混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)通过软(ruan)管(guan)或其他(ta)输送(song)(song)管(guan)进(jin)行(xing)的输送(song)(song)。在现代建筑工程中,泵(beng)(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)技(ji)术得到了迅速发展,这包括(kuo)出现许多具有高(gao)性(xing)能(neng)的泵(beng)(beng)(beng),可以进(jin)行(xing)车载或固定安装的输送(song)(song)设备,能(neng)够经受高(gao)压(ya)(ya)力的软(ruan)管(guan)或其他(ta)输送(song)(song)管(guan)道。由于这些技(ji)术的进(jin)步,泵(beng)(beng)(beng)送(song)(song)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)已成为(wei)建筑施工中广泛应用的技(ji)术。
泵送(song)(song)(song)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)适用(yong)于大(da)(da)部分(fen)(fen)建(jian)筑施工。当施工现场(chang)受到限制时,泵送(song)(song)(song)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)应用(yong)更为有(you)利。采(cai)用(yong)泵送(song)(song)(song)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)可(ke)以免(mian)除一(yi)些(xie)起吊装置,也不会影响其他材料的(de)(de)搬运。但泵送(song)(song)(song)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)要求有(you)连续(xu)、稳定的(de)(de)料流,并且像普(pu)通混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)一(yi)样也需要有(you)很好(hao)的(de)(de)质(zhi)量控制,即适宜、均(jun)匀的(de)(de)集料粒级,准确(que)的(de)(de)配(pei)比和充分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)搅拌。混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)泵送(song)(song)(song)量每小时可(ke)达15~250m3。但是(shi)一(yi)般不容(rong)易有(you)较大(da)(da)的(de)(de)泵送(song)(song)(song)压(ya)力,又获得较大(da)(da)的(de)(de)泵送(song)(song)(song)量,因这(zhei)些(xie)需要的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)过高(gao)。例(li)如(ru),泵送(song)(song)(song)高(gao)度增加(jia)1m,起水平输送(song)(song)(song)距离也有(you)减少3~4m,这(zhei)是(shi)由于垂直泵送(song)(song)(song)比水平泵送(song)(song)(song)需要有(you)更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)压(ya)力和功(gong)率(lv)。泵送(song)(song)(song)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)是(shi)在(zai)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)中(zhong)移动,研究表(biao)明混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)是(shi)在(zai)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)内(nei)(nei)壁(bi)一(yi)层(ceng)薄(bo)砂浆上进行运动。因此在(zai)泵送(song)(song)(song)前,要使(shi)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)内(nei)(nei)壁(bi)黏结一(yi)层(ceng)浆体材料,这(zhei)种浆体材料有(you)时也可(ke)以用(yong)于建(jian)筑施工。一(yi)当管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)中(zhong)建(jian)立(li)起混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)运动,只(zhi)要混(hun)(hun)合料有(you)适宜的(de)(de)配(pei)比和均(jun)匀性(xing),管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)壁(bi)上的(de)(de)润滑(hua)作用(yong)就会得到维持。
(2)所用原材料及选用要求:
A、水(shui)泥:
a. 泵送混凝土应选(xuan)用硅酸盐(yan)水泥、普(pu)通硅酸盐(yan)水泥、矿渣硅酸盐(yan)水泥和粉煤灰硅酸盐(yan)水泥,不宜(yi)采(cai)用火山灰质硅酸盐(yan)水泥。
b. 水(shui)泥进场时,应有出(chu)厂(chang)合(he)格证或(huo)试验(yan)报(bao)告(gao),并要(yao)核对其品(pin)种、标(biao)号出(chu)厂(chang)日(ri)期。使用前若(ruo)发(fa)现受潮或(huo)过期,应重(zhong)新取样试验(yan)。
c. 水泥质量(liang)(liang)证明书中各项品质指标应符合标准中的(de)规定(ding)。品质指标包括氧化镁含量(liang)(liang)、三氧化硫(liu)含量(liang)(liang)、烧(shao)失量(liang)(liang)、细度、凝结时间、安定(ding)性、抗(kang)压和抗(kang)折强度。
d. 混凝土的大(da)水泥用量(liang)不宜大(da)于(yu)550kg/m3。
B、砂:
a. 砂拟优(you)先选用优(you)质(zhi)河砂。
b. 混凝土(tu)工程(cheng)应优先(xian)选(xuan)用粗(cu)中砂。对于泵送砼,砂子宜(yi)用中砂,砂率宜(yi)控制在(zai)35~45%。
c. 砂(sha)的(de)含(han)泥(ni)(ni)量(按重计),当混凝土(tu)强度等(deng)级(ji)高于(yu)或(huo)等(deng)于(yu)C30时,不(bu)大于(yu)3%;低于(yu)C30时,不(bu)大于(yu)5%,对有抗渗、抗冻或(huo)其它特殊要(yao)求的(de)混凝土(tu)用(yong)砂(sha),其含(han)泥(ni)(ni)量不(bu)应大于(yu)3%,对C10或(huo)C10以下的(de)混凝土(tu)用(yong)砂(sha),其含(han)泥(ni)(ni)量可酌情放(fang)宽。
C、石子(碎(sui)石或卵石)
a. 石子(zi)宜选用花岗岩为好(hao)。
b. 石子大(da)粒径不得(de)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)结构截面尺寸的1/4,同时不得(de)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)钢筋间小净距的3/4。混凝土实板骨料的大(da)粒径不宜超(chao)过(guo)板厚的1/2。且不得(de)超(chao)过(guo)60mm。对于(yu)(yu)(yu)泵送(song)砼(tong),碎石大(da)粒径与(yu)输送(song)管内径之比,宜小于(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)(huo)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)1:3,卵(luan)石宜小于(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)(huo)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)1:2.5。
c. 石(shi)子(zi)中的(de)(de)含(han)泥量(按(an)重计)对(dui)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)或高于(yu)(yu)(yu)C30混凝(ning)土(tu)时,不(bu)(bu)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)1%;低于(yu)(yu)(yu)C30时,不(bu)(bu)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)2%;对(dui)有抗(kang)冻、抗(kang)渗或其它特殊要求(qiu)的(de)(de)混凝(ning),石(shi)子(zi)的(de)(de)含(han)泥量不(bu)(bu)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)1%;对(dui)C10或C10以(yi)下的(de)(de)混凝(ning)土(tu),石(shi)子(zi)的(de)(de)含(han)泥量可酌情放(fang)宽。
d. 石子中针、片状颗粒的(de)含量(按重量计(ji)),当混凝土(tu)强度等级高于或(huo)低于C30时,不(bu)(bu)大于15%;低于C30时,不(bu)(bu)大于25%;对C10或(huo)C10以下,可放宽到40%。
(3)泵(beng)送(song)混(hun)凝土配合比设计
设计柱、梁、板泵送混凝土的结构强度(du)等级为(wei)(wei)C35级。设计图梁柱的小(xiao)截面为(wei)(wei)240mm,钢筋小(xiao)间距为(wei)(wei)39mm,楼板厚(hou)度(du)为(wei)(wei)90mm。根据施工要(yao)求(qiu)坍落度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)10~14cm。
采用(yong)的原材料如(ru)下:
水(shui)泥:强度(du)等级42.5的普(pu)通硅酸盐水(shui)泥,水(shui)泥28d抗压强度(du)实测(ce)为45.5Mpa,水(shui)泥密(mi)度(du)为3.1×103kg/m3
砂(sha):河(he)砂(sha)、中砂(sha),表观密度为2.65×103kg/m3,砂(sha)的含水量(liang)为3%
石(shi)(shi)(shi)子:碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)(shi),大粒径(jing)为(wei)(wei)31.5mm,表观(guan)密度为(wei)(wei)2.67×103kg/m3,此石(shi)(shi)(shi)子含(han)水量为(wei)(wei)1%
外加剂:掺加量为1%的高效减水(shui)剂(mu),减水(shui)率为20%
水:当地(di)的自(zi)来水
免费咨询热线:400-0731-606